1. Recognition of cardio respiratory arrest - healthcare provider

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Guidelines on Immediate CPR and Signs of Life Assessment

Understanding when to initiate CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) is crucial for both healthcare providers and laypersons in emergency situations. This guide outlines the recommended practices for assessing signs of life and starting CPR.

Assessing Signs of Life

Identifying signs of life is the first step in determining the need for CPR. Reliance solely on feeling for a pulse may lead to delays or inaccuracies in initiating life-saving procedures.

  • Signs to Look For: Look for responses to stimuli, natural breathing patterns, or spontaneous movements as indicators of life.
  • Lay Rescuers: Individuals without medical training should not attempt to assess a pulse but rather focus on visible signs of life.
  • Healthcare Providers: If attempting to feel for a pulse, be sure of its presence to justify not starting CPR, noting that other signs of life should also be present.

Timeframe for Decision

The decision to commence CPR should be made swiftly, ideally within 10 seconds after beginning the assessment. In cases of doubt, it's safer to start CPR.

CPR Technique

While ventilation is an important aspect of CPR, compression-only CPR is encouraged if the rescuer is unable or unwilling to provide breaths.

  • Compression-Only CPR: Encourage rescuers to perform compression-only CPR if they cannot provide breaths, to ensure the victim receives immediate assistance.
  • Paediatric CPR: All rescuers should start CPR using the familiar adult compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2, even for children, if paediatric techniques are not known.

Advanced Techniques for Children

Specific paediatric CPR techniques, including a 15:2 compression to ventilation ratio, are recommended for those likely to encounter child resuscitation scenarios.

Conclusion

Initiating CPR without delay in the absence of definitive signs of life can significantly increase survival chances. Both laypersons and healthcare professionals should prioritize quick action over detailed assessments that could delay response times.

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